CAIRO
Informal Settlements
A Global South Problem
What are Informal Settlements?
Informal settlements are often labeled as a modern urban challenge, particularly in the Global South. Yet, these settlements, prevalent worldwide, present the quintessential urban dilemma of the 21st century. However, their role in providing housing solutions for a significant portion of urban dwellers in the Global South and the economic and social contributions made by their residents are frequently overlooked. Moreover, inhabitants of informal settlements, unjustly associated with societal issues, are often marginalized and deemed unproductive in contemporary urban narratives.
Housing Inequality and Urban Development
The presence of informal settlements underscores broader issues of housing inequality and inadequate urban development policies. The lack of affordable housing options and effective urban planning strategies perpetuates the cycle of informal settlement expansion and exacerbates urban poverty
The emergence of ashwa'iyyat areas in Cairo traces back to the post-World War II era. In the 1940s, Cairo lacked an independent governing body for urban affairs, leading to control by central ministries and utilities concessions. Urban development during this period lacked a cohesive planning mechanism or master plan for Greater Cairo, with governance primarily governed by the Subdivision Law (52 of 1940). This law imposed European standards for lots but did little to address the burgeoning informal settlements. Subsequent periods under various government rules were marked by overregulation in housing policy and inadequate solutions to the ashwa'iyyat 'problem.' Legal recognition was often restricted to specific social classes and areas, perpetuating disparities in urban development.
A Call for Recognition and Political Prioritization
The Egyptian government stands at a crucial juncture where it must acknowledge the intrinsic value of the lives within the ashwa'iyyat communities. Instead of viewing them through lenses of marginalization, terrorism, or backwardness, these residents should be recognized as integral members of Egyptian society, contributing socially and economically. Political decisions must prioritize their well-being over other issues on the agenda. With the impending 2011 election and the weakening hold of Mubarak's presidency, there's potential for a paradigm shift in values. This necessitates a reevaluation of the ashwa'iyyat's role, possibly catalyzing a broader movement that transcends local boundaries to garner global attention. Such a shift could pave the way for policy changes within the Egyptian state and even spark a global rethinking of the issue of informal settlements.